How Do Robotic Lawn Mowers Work?

Before you buy a robotic lawn mower, it's worth knowing a bit about how they work so that you can make reasonable choices when confronted by a shop full of makes and models.

There are five general areas that are important to consider:

• wheels: these vary in compound, size and arrangement;
• control: how the mower drives around, and finds the edges;
• cutting: there are different blade types and arrangements;
• battery: all robot mowers are cordless;
• programming: how easy are they to customise?

A robot mower is supposed to be a time-saving device. A true modern convenience. However, they tend to get a bad press, usually due to poor choices leading from misunderstandings around how they work.

Wheels

The mower will only be as good as its wheels and blades.

Both depend on the type of lawn. If it is undulating, and located in a part of the world which is frequently wet, then the wheels will have a big impact on the result.

Most robot lawn mowers have two drive wheels, and then one or more balancing wheels. The most common arrangement seems to be three wheels: with the two drive wheels at the nominal 'front' of the mower.

This is great for all round mowing, but tougher terrains will need mowers with more sophisticated arrangements, bigger drive wheels, and wider treads.

For example, the Robomow RX12U is a cheap, highly capable little robotic mower. But one look at it will tell you that if you ask it to mow a golf course, it's going to struggle.

Control

With very few exceptions (mainly robotic mowers used to cut large areas, like golf courses, for example) robot grass cutters use a wire to delimit the area that they are allowed to cut.

This also helps them to cut around the perimeter (so-called edge cutting mode) in certain models.

Husqvarna mowers (including Flymo and Gardena) also have a return wire that has two functions:

• guide the robot home for charging;
• start the mower from a predefined point on the perimeter wire.

This is a handy innovation for people who have lawns that are divided into zones by way of a small entry, such as a gate, or who have fairly large or irregularly shaped lawns where the mower runs the risk of missing far flung areas.

In these cases, better control of the mowing area is gained by running a wire from the base station to a far point on the perimeter wire. The mower will then, on occasion (and the frequency can be adapted in the menu) follow the wire to the end point and start cutting from there, rather than a point nearer the base station.

Newer, and more expensive, models are starting to use apps to offer better control and management over the mower, which is a trend that is very likely to continue, as is using a combination of GPS and perimeter wire.

Localised radio beacons are another control option (think of the Roomba, but outside), but these have yet to make a dent on the market; due to expense and complaints of radio wave pollution.

Cutting

Robot mowers use various blade arrangements. It's worth remembering that a robot mower is a battery powered machine, and as such weight is at a premium.

Single blades as found on traditional mowers are heavy, take a lot of energy to spin up and stop, and can create huge vibrations that make control of an autonomous nature difficult at best, and dangerous at worst.

Manufacturers of home robot lawn mowers have opted for multi-blade (usually three) cutting, usually based on a spinning disc and freely rotating blades with two or more cutting surfaces. The blades are thin, break easily, and need replacing during the season, but deliver a great cutting result.

Larger mowers, designed for bigger spaces, use single blades for robustness (such as the John Deere range of robot mowers), and some makes (such as Robomow) have slightly more robust, powered spinning blades that cost a lot more to replace, but which may be less prone to breakage.

However, the most cost effective option at the time of writing is a three bade arrangement on a spinning disc.

Battery

It's important to pick a mower that has the right level of autonomy for the lawn it will be cutting.

Lithium ion batteries are expensive, but charge quickly and can stand repeated discharge/recharge cycles without losing capacity.

For medium to large lawns, an Li based mower is clearly the best option.

However, for smaller lawns, a different approach can be used. To go back to the current low cost end of the market, the Robomow RX12U takes about 18 hours to recharge, but on a small lawn that doesn't matter, as it will usually be able to cut the whole lawn in a single session.

Programming

However, these cheaper mowers lack finesse in the amount of programming that can be done.

The Gardena R40Li for example, has a flexible cutting schedule, but even that pales into insignificance when compared to the top of the range Worx Landroids which interface with a mobile phone and can be tweaked in a variety of ways.

However, the more options you have, the more time it will take to set up the mower, and the more expensive it will be.

My advice would be that, unless you really need the flexibility to control when, how, and using what pattern the mower should cut the grass, then an entry level mower that is pre-programmed to mow at random and gives you options that are aimed more at convenience than precision is the best bet.

To find out more, check out our free automatic robotic lawn mowers buyer's guide!

Are Robotic Lawn Mowers Any Good?

Anyone reading my review of the Robomow RL 555 in 2013 would be forgiven for asking whether, despite all the hype, are robotic lawn mowers any good at all?

What a difference 4 years makes.

Not just in the technology, but also in my own opinion of robotic vs. standard walk behind mowers.

Back in 2013, I had a few choices to make regarding which mower to buy. If this report of robot mower trends to 2020 is to be believed, the field is going to widen a bit, despite the various legal challenges brought by Husqvarna in trying to protect their technology, but back then, my choices were limited to:

• Gardena (Husqvarna / Flymo / Gardena are all the same group)
• Bosch (Indego)
• Worx (Landroid, since subject of a patent infringement case)

Regular readers will know which I chose, and will have followed the last 4 years of blade changes, wheel replacement, repairing rubber bumper supports, and repairing broken perimeter wires...

...and yet despite the various trials and tribulations, I'd willingly go through it all again.

The Lawn Has Never Looked Better!

Okay, so you'll have to take my word for it, but having a robotic lawn mower has led to a greener lawn.

Why? Because the grass, when cut, is mulched.

Mulching basically reduces the clippings to a fine mist that falls back into the lawn, between the blades of grass, and helps to nourish it. Hence: a greener lawn.

The lawn is trimmed daily, regularly, and at a constant level.

It all contributes to a better looking lawn.

Yes, I still have to trim the edges, but that's more a design choice than anything else. I could have replaced the edging with little paving stones that the mower would roll over and trim right up to the edge, but I like my wood effect edges that separate the raised flowerbed from the lawn.

Once the wood rots away, as it will, I might rethink, but until then, I'll just have to do the edges myself.

Choosing the Right Robot Grass Cutter

I think that, reading the reviews on Amazon, that the biggest issue that people have is in choosing an appropriate robotic lawn mower for their lawn and level of expertise.

For example, almost without exception, robot mowers use a perimeter wire to prevent them going outside your lawn and chopping up the flowerbeds. One of the biggest ownership bugbears seems to be installing and maintaining the perimeter wire.

However, it needn't be the case.

Just be prepared to spend a little time designing the perimeter boundary, and a little more time checking that you made all the right decisions by observing the mower in action, and then relax for the rest of the season.

• Don't dig it into the lawn; just let the wire sink in naturally.
• Don't have sharp turns at the corners; either cut them or round them, checking as you go along that the mower still reaches into the corner as required.
• And don't forget that if you have height changes, pin down the wire with a peg so that it always follows the gradient of the lawn; otherwise it might just get clipped!

Make sure you choose the right mower: if you have a complex lawn shape, pick one that is designed to cover an area just a bit bigger than the actual lawn.

At the same time, if you like lines, and have a regular, rectangular lawn, then pick a mower that cuts in stripes, like the Bosch Indego, for example. It's a bit more expensive than some of the Flymo and Landroid rivals, but it does a good job provided you have a regularly shaped lawn.

In my case, the Gardena R40Li (Flymo 1200R) was more appropriate, just because of the shape of the lawn, size of cutting area, and price.

More modern mowers also exist now, complete with WiFi connection to your mobile phone and GPS to help monitor the job that they've done. I'm not convinced that app connectivity is anything more than a gimmick, but I'll admit that there is a part of me that is attracted to the idea of controlling my mower with my phone.

However, I think that it will be a while before the tweaking that you can do with such a connection actually brings something new to the party. Meanwhile, for £600, the Flymo 1200R remains my personal recommendation.

The Cost of Ownership

Another potential bugbear is the cost of owning and running a robot mower.

Sure, you don't need to spend hours actually cutting the lawn, but that's not much of a saving if you then have to spend hours in maintenance.

Luckily, most robot mowers only need seasonal maintenance, and that's mainly about replacing blades. These vary in cost: from the cheap but slightly flimsy blades used by Bosch, Flymo and Gardena that wear down often and need replacing at least twice per season and can be broken if they so much as clip a bit of gravel, to the solid traditional style blades used by John Deere robot mowers which are expensive but durable.

In between there are all manner of spinning cutters, such as those used by Robomow and Worx in their Landoid mowers, which have multiple cutting edges and spin independently.

It's worth checking, before you buy, which type of blade is needed, and the replacement cost, as well as picking the right kind of blade for your lawn. Rougher lawns with tough grass will benefit from a more solid blade, whereas lawns that have finer grass will benefit from multi-edged blades such as Bosch, Flymo and Worx use.

The important point is that, if the ends of the grass seem to be tinted slightly brown, and a ragged cut, it's time to replace or sharpen the blade. Just like with a regular mower.

One thing people forget is that a regular, walk behind mower, also needs maintenance!

So, in the final analysis, and after 4 years of robotic mower ownership, I would say that robotic lawn mowers have come into their own in 2017, and will no doubt continue to grow in popularity.

Are robotic lawn mowers any good? Yes. But, as with all purchases, be prepared to do your research, hunt down the best deal, and compromise on features that don't bring any real benefits.

To find out if a robot mower is right for you, check out our free robot mower buyer's guide, or, for a summary of all the makes and models on the market, take a look at our robot mower brand and model guide.

Flymo Robotic Lawnmower 1200R Review: Price, Setup, Maintenance and Tuning Advice

The Flymo 1200R robotic lawnmower is based on the Husqvarna Automower design, also used for the very popular Gardena R40Li. This isn't surprising, since Flymo and Gardena are both part of the Husqvarna group, whose Automower was arguably the first mass market automatic robot lawn mower.

With such an impressive pedigree, you'd expect something special, and you would be right.

Or, half right.

Flymo 1200R Price

Let's start with the price.

Currently (June 2017), the Flymo 1200R is priced at a very, very, competitive £599, via Amazon's UK site.

For those who are still reading, my own Gardena R40Li which is identical (except for the colour) cost over 1200 EUR. The Flymo 1200R went on sale at just under £1000, and although the design might come across as a bit dated (more on that later) it's proven to be very reliable.

Installing the Flymo 1200R

All robotic lawn mowers require the installation of a perimeter wire to stop the mower from cutting anything other than the lawn.

There are exceptions, but these are rare, and generally use training or GPS which are both pretty fiddly to set up.

The 1200R is easy to set up, if a little time-consuming. All you need to do is choose a spot for the base station, a location for the return wire, and lay the wire all around the mowing area. You even get a little ruler in the box to help you gauge the distance from the flower bed or path to the perimeter wire.

Online opinions vary as to whether you should actually physically bury the wire, but I'd caution against it. It grows over really quickly (a matter of weeks), and leaving it exposed lets you troubleshoot the installation if need be.

Once installed, you can then set up the cutting schedule, and other parameters (like the PIN) using the LCD screen and simple menu system. Actually, it's lucky that it is a simple menu, because the screen makes setting up the brain harder than it was to set up the rest!

Flymo 1200R Wheels

Where I also have a bit of beef is in the wheels.

Before taking the Flymo to market, I just wish they'd replaced those rubber band treads with solid plastic wheels. On rugged ground, they tend to wear out and drop off; this isn't as dire as it sounds, because replacing the wheels is incredibly easy.

But, it's one of those small things that niggles. Eventually, you know that you're going to have to replace the wheels, and you get into the habit of checking for wear and tear to try and prolong their life a bit.

Like the blades.

Flymo 1200R Blades

The blades give a great cutting result, but they're wafer thin.

There are three of them, and they spin freely to clip and mulch, so that a fine mist of grass ends floats down onto the lawn to fertilise it.

We've noticed the difference, but I've also started walking around the lawn from time to time and removing anything that might damage the blades, because easy as they are to replace, they can become expensive.

Still, that's the case with all robotic mowers in this price bracket. Luckily, too, since it's a popular design, numerous suppliers have popped up to supply unbranded aftermarket blades for Flymo, Gardena and Husqvarna mowers.

Flymo 1200R Battery

A robotic lawnmower lives and dies on its battery.

The Robin, for example, has a very low battery capacity. It's a very low cost mower, and takes a whopping 18 hours to recharge which means that its use is limited to small gardens.

Not so, the Flymo. It's got a great battery. It cuts for ages, and recharges quickly.

According to the manual it has a 2-3 year life span, but I have to say that we've gone sailing past that and don't see any visible change in performance.

Of course, we do overwinter the mower, and empty the battery frequently by letting it run around in a zone with no charging station, which may have an effect, but the battery shows little sign of needing replacing.

(And, if it ever does need replacing, it's easy to do. I checked!)

So, let's round up the good and bad of the Flymo 1200R:

Pros:

• Value for money
• Cutting quality
• Robust build

Cons:

• Tiny LCD screen
• No phone link, app, or GPS
• Rubber wheels

Features:

• Mulching action
• Audible alarm & PIN code
• Super-silent operation
• Collision detection

The conclusion, however, is the important bit. Would I buy it again? Yes. Not at the original price, because there are better robotic lawnmowers for around £1000. But at the current Flymo 1200R price, I'd snap it up in an instant.

Robin: The Low Cost Robotic Lawn Mower Alternative

Owning a robotic lawn mower looks, on the face of it, quite an expensive and time-consuming way to maintain a perfectly trimmed lawn. Even the sub-£500 Robomow RX series is quite a lot more expensive than the average manual mower, and most robot mowers come in at £1,000 plus.

As we reported in a previous article, however, the Dallas startup Robin has a solution that is in line with the usual US practice of paying someone else to cut your grass.

For as little as $15 (about £12 or 13 Euros) per month, Robin will install the perimeter wire using their accumulated experience, set up and maintain a robotic mower, and store it during the winter months. The bonus is that you only pay for the months during which your little helper is actually needed.

Advantages of Automatic Robotic Lawn Mowers

On their automatic mowing service page, Robin claim that being able to do this makes their lawn care cost lower than the more traditional service of sending people out with a noisy, polluting, petrol engine lawn mower, as well as being more reliable.

There is, as we noted in the original article, a certain security risk associated with so many unattended mowers driving around on people's front lawns.

Thus, the modern robotic mowers that Robin deploy include GPS location and extra security features meaning that the mowers can't be used anywhere else, can be located, and are less likely to go missing as people become educated as to the futility of stealing one.

All of this added technology makes the mower a bit more expensive, however. I'd estimate that the Robin mowers are of a class that edges up towards the £1,500+ category.

Based on their rental figures, and allowing for exchange rates and economic differences, a similar UK based service might hope to be able to charge a top-end price of, say, £10-15 per month.

That's about 100 months of payments just to pay for the mower. And, given that the UK and Continental European customers don't have a tradition of paying for lawn care, I would also hazard that the market would be quite resistant.

The Cost of Owning a Robotic Lawn Mower

However, the true cost of ownership, assuming that you plump for a robot mower with some basic security features such as a PIN lock is going to start out with a relatively expensive investment of around £750.

(Note that in a previous article, we pointed out that the Flymo 1200R has been sold for as little as £600.)

The electricity cost is likely to be negligible, even at the 17 hours it takes (per cycle) to charge something like the Robomow RX12U, but consumables such as blades can add substantially to the annual cost.

While Robomow blades seem to be relatively expensive (but long lasting), my own experience with the Gardena R40Li (a Husqvarna model identical to the Flymo 1200R) leads me to estimate that I spend about £15 on blades each season, as long as none get broken by bits of wood, children's toys, or other obstacles.

I've also had to replace the wheels, at a cost of around £20, so all-in all, having bought the beast at the top of the market, price-wise, I've invested about £1,500 in trouble-free lawn care. The lawn looks better (greener), I've got more free time (filled with chores invented by you-know-who), and the dubious pleasure of being able to tell people I've got one.

Over 4 years of ownership, that works out at £15 per month, assuming that it lies dormant for 2 months per year.

Now, assuming the same calculations at today's prices, that falls to about half that for the Flymo, and even less if you have a small, secure lawn, and opt for the Robomow. You can read a comparative article of sorts on this blog.

So, now the question you need to ask is: for £10 per month, do you want to let a robot mow your lawn  for you?

Robomow RX12U The Affordable Robotic Lawn Mower

Unusually for me, I'm going to lead with the price: £499 on Amazon.

I'll just let that sink in.

At that price -- which I'll admit is still a lot of money -- the Robomow RX12U begins to compare pretty favourably with a regular lawnmower.

It looks pretty good, the charging station is low profile, and you even get a natty app so you can talk to it from your mobile rather than having to bend down over a badly lit LCD screen.

Okay, so it won't mow the largest of lawns. In fact, it's limited to something between 150 and 250 square meters of grass.

Part of the reason for this limitation is that it can only mow for an hour and a half before needing a full 16 hours to recharge itself.

And, obviously, with these limitations, it also prefers a squareish lawn without too many complicated turns. Otherwise, it's going to miss areas repeatedly, and result in an uneven cut. The grass, in the growing season, can get quite unruly after only a few days.

Still, the result on a regularly shaped lawn of about 200 square metres is likely to be pretty good. The novel design means that it will go over the edges, too, so you'll get a crisp finish. Just make sure that you follow our Perimeter Wire Tips and Tricks, to get the best results.

Specifications and Installation

For the technically minded, the cut is provided by a single blade, and replacing it doesn't look to be a cheap: going purely on the price of blades for other models (the RM, for example) they seem to cost between £35 and £60. They do, however, look pretty solid, unlike the Indego and Automow (Flymo) variants.

Installation looks easier than most, too, since there's no return wire, and the docking station just sits on the perimeter wire. Now, when it comes to fault finding, I'm a big believer in using the return wire to test for breaks in specific sections (see The Perimeter Wire Revisited), but there's no reason that you can't use the perimeter wire loop instead, for small lawn areas.

One key drawback is that there's no anti-theft device fitted on the RX12 series, which will concern some people: especially as it doesn't seem to be locked to the base unit either, like some of the other brands, and doesn't need to be unlocked with a PIN, either.

Robotic Mower Alternatives

So, aside from building an Arduino based robotic lawn mower yourself (by the way, that's not a cheap option, which I'll explain in a future article), what are your alternatives?

It turns out that if you're willing to go with an older generation, admittedly bigger, bulkier (and uglier) than the little Robomow, for £100 more, you can get the Flymo 1200R.

Here's some advantages: the blades are cheaper to replace, there's a full anti-theft device (beeping, PIN codes and coded base station), it has a guide wire, so you can tell the mower to start at a specific place, and it can always find its way home, and it doesn't need 16 hours to charge.

In fact, our Gardena R40Li, which is the same machine, doesn't seem to need much time at all to recharge, and is almost constantly buzzing quietly around the lawn. Okay, so it's based on the Husqvarna Automower 105 style technology, but there's on big advantage that comes with it: Husqvarna invented the mass market robotic mower, and is still probably the market leader in Europe by some margin.

So, if you have a small, enclosed, secure lawn, go for the Robomow. Otherwise, that big orange robot represents a very good alternative, and at almost half price on Amazon may just be an opportunity that's too good to miss!

Replacement Blades for Flymo, Gardena, and Husqvarna Automower Models

Robotic lawn mowers are great, but they, like all mowers, have parts that wear out. As a result of their design, Husqvarna Automower based machines seem to need their blades replacing quite often.

Part of the issue is that they are smaller, lighter, and designed more for fine cutting than longevity. All it needs is a few errant branches and you will find that you need to buy replacement blades several times per season.

Original Blades Aren't Cheap

If you can find them, Flymo 1200r replacement blades (pack of 9) will set you back over £25. That's almost 30 Euros, and at that price, the compatible Gardena R40Li blade pack of 9 at 18.99 Euros begins to look tempting: all you'd need to do is hop over the Channel!

However, even these pale next to aftermarket blades available on Amazon.

For example, for less than £15 (excluding delivery), you can buy the pack on the right: 30 compatible blades, plus bolts, for all Husqvarna Automower models.

The seller is so confident that these are going to be a perfect drop-in replacement that they offer a refund if they don't. I would advise reading the small print, but there's also the suggestion that they would honour a refund even if you open the packet.

But wait! There's more.

From the same supplier, there's another pack of 30, seemingly supplied without screws (bolts), but with a rather fetching titanium coating, at an even lower price.

Now, I take pretty good care of my bolts, and it's fair to say that whenever I've replaced the blades, I've managed to stockpile quite a few of them over the past few seasons.

They're slightly special, as owners of any of these models will know, in that they have a kind of thread-less, slightly oversized shoulder, just underneath the bolt's head, which allows the blade to rotate freely.

So, if you haven't managed to hold on to them, it's worth keeping a note that next time you should do so, if only to give you access to the cheaper range of aftermarket blades.

Again, read the small print, but the manufacturer seems pretty confident that either pack will prove a decent replacement for the originals.

Source	Blade Price	Pack
Flymo	£2.70	9 + bolts
Gardena	(£1.82)	9 + bolts
Genisys	£0.48	30 + bolts
Genisys Titan	£0.43	30 blades only

It's also worth noting that Genisys also has a range of blades and accessories for all the popular makes, including the Bosch Indego, Worx Landroid, and Honda Miimo. If you go through their online catalogue at Amazon, you'll also find smaller sized  packs of blades so you can test out a cheaper pack before you commit.

See the whole range of robot mower spares from Genisys by clicking the link.

Robotic Lawn Mower Trends to 2020

Based on a recently commissioned report by Technavio (via Market Research Reports), the future for robotic lawn mowers looks bright.

Here are some headlines:

• Impressive double digit growth for the worldwide market;
• Market will pick up in the US, where sales have been sluggish;
• Next generation of mowers driven by improved safety and technological advances;
• As more enter the market, and challenge the incumbents prices will fall.

Read on to discover the movers and shakers of this exciting market, based on our own keyword based research commissioned from The Keyword Coach.

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Find out if a robot mower is for you by downloading our 

FREE robotic lawn mower buyer's guide!

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Robotic Lawn Mower Brands

According to our research, the leading brands worldwide are:

• Husqvarna
• Worx / Landroid
• John Deere
• Bosh
• Honda
• Flymo
• Viking

Together these brands account for about 59% of all search traffic, with Husqvarna and Landroid leading the pack.

It's worth pointing out that Husqvarna is something of a pioneer in the marketplace, and has previously sued Worx for patent infringement (source: GreenIndustryPros.com) Meanwhile, they also manufactured for Flymo and Gardena -- or at least there is more than a passing resemblance between Husqvarna's mowers and the Flymo 1200R and Gardena R40Li models.

While Flymo has about 6% of the market, Gardena has less than 2%, based on the research conducted around search terms for robotic lawn mowers in the 12 months up to March 2017.

Robotic Lawn Mower Features

When it comes to features, most search users seem to be looking for the 'best' robotic mower.

This is backed up by the countless references to reviews, versus comparisons, and other phrases that indicate some kind of pitching brands against each other.

However, it's also worth noting that 12% of searchers were looking for mowers that don't rely on a perimeter wire to delimit the mowing area.

At the same time, there is interest in using solar power for robotic mowers, as well as those that are fitted with GPS. The latter interest might have been sparked by reports in the media of robot mower thefts.

While most results across UK/US/World followed a general trend, it is interesting that the UK seems more interested than the US in kit built mowers, and the US market seems more interested in GPS equipped mowers than any other specific feature (excluding 'best').

The Rise of DIY Robotic Lawn Mowers

An interesting result of the search analysis that wasn't expected was the number of searches using words associated with building your own robotic lawn mower:

• Arduino had the same popularity as Honda;
• Raspberry Pi has the same popularity as Gardena...
• ...as does "Open Source Robot Lawn Mowers"!

It seems that this sector has some interesting times ahead; for retail, kit, and DIY mowers that use advances in modern technology to make cutting your lawn easier, and greener, than every before.